The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA), enacted in December 2017, significantly modified the U.S. tax system. Major shifts included tax rate reductions, expanded standard deductions, and an enhanced lifetime gift tax exclusion. Simultaneously, the TCJA eliminated several tax breaks, such as business entertainment deductions and other popular itemized deductions.

Nearly two dozen TCJA provisions related to personal and business taxes will lapse after December 31, 2025, unless they are legislatively extended. The following provides an overview of key expiring provisions and their potential implications:

Bonus Depreciation

Businesses could claim 100% bonus depreciation on eligible property from 2018 to 2022. The TCJA phases out this provision, allowing 80% in 2023, 60% in 2024, 40% in 2025, 20% in 2026, and zero thereafter. However, businesses can still utilize accelerated depreciation under Section 179. Taking full advantage of bonus depreciation before its 2027 termination is advisable.

GILTI Deduction

The TCJA introduced the GILTI regulations to minimize the tax advantages of deriving income from intangible assets in low-tax overseas regions. Between 2018 and 2025, companies could deduct 50% of GILTI, resulting in a 10.5% effective tax rate.  In 2026, this deduction drops to 37.5%, leading to a 13.125% effective rate.

Estate Tax Lifetime Exemption

The lifetime gift exemption doubled from about $6 million to $12 million per individual under the TCJA. Beneficial for wealth transfer, individuals who maximized the $12 million by 2025 will face no penalties when the limit reverts to its previous amount. Given this, asset disposition before 2025 is crucial for those with substantial estates.

QBI Deduction

The TCJA allowed a deduction of up to 20% of business income from entities like Schedule C businesses, S-Corps, and Partnerships. However, this deduction is scheduled to be phased out post-2025, potentially prompting businesses to prefer C-Corporation tax status.

State and Local Tax Deduction

Previously, individuals could claim an unlimited itemized deduction for state and local taxes. The TCJA capped this at $10,000. Post-2025, the cap will lift, reinstating full SALT deductions for itemizers. This deduction remains a contentious issue, and changes might emerge before 2025.  In the meantime, taxpayers with pass-through entity interest should consider utilizing pass-through entity tax election.

Moving Expense

The TCJA deemed reimbursed moving costs taxable and negated the deduction for non-reimbursed moving expenses, excluding U.S. military personnel. Post-2025, reimbursed expenses will become non-taxable, and non-reimbursed expenses will be deductible.

Individual Tax Rate

The TCJA changed tax brackets, highest rate being 37%, from previous rates. Without further legislation, these will revert to their pre-TCJA rates post-2025, highest rate being 39.6%. Capital gains tax rates remain unaffected.

Corporate Tax Rate

The TCJA slashed the corporate tax rate from 35% to 21%. Though framed as a permanent shift, there are ongoing discussions about possible future adjustments to address fiscal needs.

Overall, these changes underscore the importance of forward-thinking tax planning.